Non-Steroid Hormones

Table 11.2 Cytosolic non-steroid hormone receptor agonists and antagonists...

The insulin receptor will be discussed here as a prototype of a receptor with tyrosine kinase activity which transmits a hormonal signal. The other major classes of receptors which transmit hormonal signals are the heptahelical, G-protein-coupled receptors and the nuclear receptors for steroid and non-steroid hormones (see Fig. 1.1) they are discussed later. The receptor for the peptide hormone insulin is one of the most extensively studied RTKs (receptors with tyrosine kinase activity). 

Non-steroidal Hormones Their Antagonists Eugene C. Jorgensen 1, 191 ... 

Introduction. This review is based on papers published in I966, and is necessaxily selective in order to keep it short. Some of the newly proposed synthetic procedures are interesting but need further development. Only passing mention will be given to much important work in the field of peptide hormones, since this is covered in the chapter on non-steroidal hormones. 

Intracellular receptors are a class of ligand-dependent transcription factors that include receptors for both steroid and non-steroid hormones. In the non-liganded state, these receptors reside in the cytoplasm and/or in the nucleus. Upon binding to the hormone, these receptors homo- or heterodimerize, then regulate, positively or negatively, gene expression by binding to specific sequences in the chromatin, termed HRE (hormone responsive element). 

Most of the non-steroid hormones are unable to enter their target ceUs directly and instead they bind to high-affinity receptors on the cell surface. Some of them, e.g. insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), are taken into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis but it is uncertain whether, once inside the cell, they have a direct effect on cell processes or use an intermediary. 

Chapter 18. Non-Steroidal Hormones and Their Antagonists J. W. Hinman and R. M. Morrell, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan... 

Whole microbial cells as well as microbially derived enzymes have played a significant role in the production of novel antibiotics. The potential of microorganisms as chemical catalysts, however, was first fully realized in the synthesis of industrially important steroids. These reactions have assumed increasing importance following the discovery that certain steroids such as hydrocortisone have anti-inflammatory activity, whilst derivatives of the steroidal sex hormones are nsefiil as oral contraceptive agents. More recently, chiral inversion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory dmgs (NS AIDs) has been demonstrated. 

HIV viral entry inhibitors, CCR5 and CXCR4, 42, 301 homeobox genes, 27, 227 hormones, glycoprotein, 12, 211 hormones, non-steroidal, 1,191 3,184... 

Ligand-Independent Activation of Steroid Hormone Receptors and Non-genomic Effects of Steroids... 

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