Non-magnetic doublet

ZT Y r A A A A A AC dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit electronic coefficient of heat capacity (1+ZT)F2 crystal field singlet non-Kramers doublet (crystal field state) crystal field triplet crystal field triplet hybridization gap jump in heat capacity at Tc K KL -min P 6>d X JCO total thermal conductivity of solid thermal conductivity of electrons or holes thermal conductivity of lattice minimum lattice thermal conductivity electrical resistivity Debye temperature magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility at T = 0... 

Figure 13 When there is a non-Kramers doublet ground state, complex nested magnetizations are observed at different temperatures (a). The ZFS of the ground state of a D4h symmetry metal porphyrinoid complex with S = 2 based on positive (b) and negative (c) values for the axial parameter, D. (Reprinted from Mack, Stillman and Kobayashi, Elsevier 2007)...

Fig. 12. Magnetization behavior for resting metapyrocatechase. (A) MCD amplitude at 890 nm for a range of applied magnetic field strengths (0-5.9 T) at a series of fixed temperatures plotted as a function of pHI2kT. (B) Replot of saturation data shown in (A) as a function of temperature at fixed fields. Solid curves represent the fit to the data for an isolated non-Kramers doublet with rhombic zero field splitting [Eq. (20)].

PrInAgz. Specific heat, magnetic susceptibility and neutron scattering (Galera et al. 1984) carried out on this Kondo-lattice material indicate a non-Kramers doublet (Fs,... 

Two other hydroxides, those of dysprosium and holmium, also order ferro-magnetically, with 7,- = 3.48(1)K and 2.54(1)K, respectively (Catanese and Meissner 1973). The interactions are again mainly dipolar and Ising in nature. The ground states are an almost pure Jz= for Dy, with close to 20, and a non-Kramers doublet with = 15.3 for Ho ". In each case the value of g normal to the c-axis is zero, and the presence of other low-lying crystal-field levels influences the properties above 4K. 

For a doublet ground state of an ion (it may be the Kramers doublet, the non-Kramers doublet or two states divided by a small interval do), an effective Hamiltonian may be written as a linear combination of S, Sy, Sz operators S = ). In general, the Kramers doublet is split at an arbitrary orientation of an applied magnetic field, and the corresponding effective spin Hamiltonian is... 

The projection of the operator of the electron-deformation interaction on a non-Kramers doublet (quasidoublet) may contain invariants of the point symmetry group linear in pseudospin and independent on a magnetic field along with the terms similar to those in eq. (118). 

Optical spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain some information on internal deformations induced by a magnetic field at low temperatures in paramagnets containing VV ions in axially symmetric crystal fields. The procedure involves measurements of splittings of the excited non-Kramers doublets in a magnetic field perpendicular to the c-axis. In this case the splitting is linear in the macroscopic and internal strains. The... 

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