Non-lipid substances

As summarized in the review by Clifford (1985b), the terms crude and total lipid refer to substances extracted by a non-polar solvent and may include non-lipid substances such as caffeine. The yield is a function of the extraction method as much as of the composition of the beans. The crude lipid includes the wax coating the coffee bean (0,2-0.3 %), the main constituents of which are the C2o and C22 amides of 5-hydroxytryptamine [l//-indol-5-ol, 3-(2-aminoethyl-), serotonine]. These amides have their importance. As they are possible antioxidants, it has been suggested that premature dewaxing leads to a fall in the bean quality during storage. The major part of the crude lipid is a typical seed oil, with triglycerides of fatty acids, some other esters and unsaponifiable matter. 

Coconut oil has a unique fatty acid composition of short and medium chain fatty acids as indicated in Table 3. Due to the presence of this unique composition of shorter and medium chain fatty acids, coconut oil has a higher saponification value and this value in coconut oil is the highest among almost all other edible oils. Saponification value also does not change significantly with the method of extraction of coconut oil. However, slightly high saponification values may be observed for oils with other non-lipid substances, which may react with potassium hydroxide. 

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