Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR 3 Spectroscopy

Non-specific sum parameter analysis [12,13], which is still used today, failed [14,15] in the analyses of some of these compounds. Chromatographic methods in combination with non-substance specific detectors, e.g. colorimetric and photometric [5] or with substance specific detectors such as IR (infrared spectroscopy), NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) or MS (mass spectrometry), are applied increasingly nowadays. 

Another method of determining the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein is NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy reveals detailed information on specific sites of molecules without having to solve then-entire structure. 

The coupling of LC (liquid chromatography) with NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy can be considered now to be a standard analytical technique. Today, even more complex systems, which also include mass spectrometry (MS), are used. The question arises as to how such systems are handled efficiently with an increasing cost and a decreasing availability of skilled personal. LC-NMR and LC-NMR/MS combine the well-established techniques of LC, NMR and MS. For each of those techniques, various automation procedures and software packages are available and used in analytical laboratories. However, due to the necessary interfacing of such techniques, completely new demands occur and additional problems have to overcome. 

XRF = X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XPS = X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, AES = Auger electron spectroscopy, XANES = X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, RAIR = Reflectance-absorbance infrared spectroscopy, EXAFS = X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, ECR = Electric contact resistance, NMR = Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, IPS = Imaging photoelectron spectromicroscopy. 

NAD(P)H nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), reduced form NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (spectroscopy)... 

Brunow, G., and Lundquist, K. (1980) Comparison of a synthetic dehydrogenation polymer of coniferyl alcohol with milled wood lignin from spruce, using H NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pap Puu. Helsinki, Suomen Paperi ja Puutavaralehti Oy 62(11), 669-670. 

Imperiali NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, for sure. This is a technique for looking at the structure and movement of molecules in a water-based solution. It s one way we test if the proteins we ve designed actually do what we think they do. NMR is also very valuable in medicine these days, where it s known as MRI and is being used to image whole people. 

---