Nitrogen source carbazole

This work lead by Kilbane was carried out in collaboration with Petrobras and gave rise to three patents [371,375,376], which protected not only P. ayucida IGTN9m (ATCC N° PTA-806, but also the thermophilic culture Aneurinibacillus sp. IGTN4T (ATCC N° PTA-4581), and strains, P. stutzeri, Yokenella sp., and P. nitroreducen. The P. stutzeri strain was selectively enriched using carbazole as the sole nitrogen source. The experimental results also indicated that the considered strain selectively cleaved the C—N bonds in carbazole. The same behavior was also observed for Yokenella sp. when cultured according to the principles described before. The specific metabolites produced by the conversion of carbazole have not yet been determined. 

Double N-arylation can also be conducted by using copper catalysts. In 2007, Martin, Li, and co-workers independently reported pyrrole synthesis via copper-catalyzed C—N bond formation between l,4-dihalo-l,3-dienes and amines [13]. They applied this methodology to carbazole synthesis (Scheme 23.9). In general, diiodobiaryl gave better results than dibromobiaryls. As a nitrogen source, carbamates and amides were investigated in their reports. 

Other nitrogen-containing functional groups also work as a nitrogen source in the intramolecular C—H bond amination for carbazole synthesis. Smitrovich and... 

The Nitrogen Availability Assay [376] consists of growth tests under defined conditions using mineral salts medium and organonitrogen compounds as sources of carbon and/or nitrogen. Probe molecules include quinoline, pyridine, carbazole, and porphyrin. Growth tests are performed using six conditions ... 

The preparation and chemistry of organic azides have been intensively investigated since about 1960 because of their importance in preparative heterocyclic chemistry and as a source of nitrenes [1]. Many nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as carbazoles, furoxans, azepines, A2-triazolines, triazoles [2], tetrazoles [3], aziridines [4, 5], and azirines have been obtained by either the addition or the decomposition of azides. 

---