Nitrogen reservoirs ammonium

The rank order of size of the reservoirs of nitrogen on earth are atmospheric N2, nitrate in sea water, and organic nitrogen of the biosphete and soils (Sverdrup et al., 1942), Nitrite and free ammonium are rare by comparison. Nitrate is also found at low concentrations in soils and fresh water. NO is extremely rare in the environment and when detected in sea water is typically at concentrations of less than 1 nM (Ward and Zafiriou, 1988). 

The chemical form of the nitrogen depends on the reservoir. In the atmosphere, except for trace amounts of N2O, NO, NH , and organic N, it occurs as N2. In oceans and soils, it primarily occurs as organic nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonium. 

Thus, there is usually less fragmentation with isobutene than with methane. The ammonium ion can transfer a proton only to compounds with a higher proton affinity than ammonia, mainly nitrogen-containing compounds. As with El, the sample is introduced from a reservoir, from a heated probe, or as the eluent from a GC. 

The incremental oil was recovered by means of decomposition of approximately 20 tonnes of ammonium nitrate injected into two wells. Nitrate decomposition and partial oxidation of oil generated approximately 18.5 GJ of heat and approximately 20 tonnes of gas, including 6.5 tormes of nitrogen, 8.3 tormes of water vapor, and 4 tonnes of oxygen. Hydrocarbon oxidation in the heated reservoir resulted in heat release and production of 5.2 tormes of H O + CO. The gas lift effect created by controlled reaction can be instrumental in bringing hot fluid from reservoir to the surface. 

If reservoir rock temperature in the zone is to be raised by 200 K, then 3.125x105 GJ of heat must be added. Since approximately 5 GJ of heat is generated per tonne of ammonium nitrate decomposed, the required amount of nitrate is 6.25 x 104 toimes. The total mass of the gas produced by decomposition (nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor) is equal to the mass of ammonium nitrate consiuned. Therefore, 0.5 t of gas must be released to heat one tonne of reservoir oil. This is srrfircient to expect a rapid increase in well production rate even at an early stage of ammonium-nitrate injection into the reservoir. 

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