Nitrogen heterocycles from

Nitrogen heterocycles from furans by aza-Achmatovicz reaction 98SL105. 

SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES FROM SACCHARIDE DERIVATIVES... 

El Khadem, HASSAN, Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles from Saccharide Derivatives, 25, 351-405 Ellis, G. P., The Maillard Reaction, 14, 63-134... 

E. S. H. El Ashry and A. El Nemr, Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocycles from Carbohydrates, (2005) Blackwell, Oxford, UK, http //www.blackwellpublishing.com/more reviews. 

In addition to the most important 1,2-difunctionalization assisted or catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes, a catalytic 1,1-arylamination process of alkenes, applied to the construction of nitrogen heterocycles from 4-pentenylamides, was realized29,30. The mechanism involves the formation of arylpalladium chloride from alkyl(aryl)stannanes, the addition to the alkene, the isomerization of the adduct to the more stable benzylic palladium complex, and the displacement of palladium by an internal nitrogen nucleophile. In the presence of a substituent, mixtures of diastereomers were generally obtained. 

In conclusion, this study gives some new light on nucleophilic substitutions of polyhalogenobenzenes and shows that complex bases are particularly useful when arynic condensations are wanted. Moreover, the described methods are of general interest in the synthesis of a lot of aminobenzenes and nitrogen heterocycles from several commercially cheap starting materials. 

Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocycles from Carbohydrates... 

Synthesis of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles from carbohydrates / El Sayed H. El Ashry, Ahmed El Nemr.- 1st ed. p. cm. 

This cyclization also affords a route to nitrogen heterocycles from acyclic dienyl-amines and -amides. Pyrrolincs can be obtained from diallylamines. This reaction can also form tetrahydropyridines and -azepines, as well as lactams.3... 

Soufyane, M. Mirand, C. Levy, J. Synthesis of some fluorinated nitrogen heterocycles from (diethylaminomethylene)hexafluoroacetylacetone (DAMFA). Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 54(48), 7737-7740. 

Nitrogen heterocycles from fiirans by aza-Achmatovicz reaction 98SL105. Syntheses and use of vicinal diamines with one or two N atoms included in heterocycle as chiral auxiliaries 98AG(E)2580. 

Synthesis of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles from carbohydrates 05MI2. 

---