Nitrogen electronically excited, from

A CIEEL approach can also be used to explain chemiexcitation in luminol chemilumi-nescence . Two possibilities arise (i) an electron transfer from the amino group to the peroxidic moiety in the antiaromatic peroxide 33, resulting in bond cleavage followed by intramolecular back-electron transfer and formation of excited 3-aminophthalate (Scheme 24) (ii) the equilibrium between the peroxycarboxylic aldehyde 34, formed after elimination of nitrogen, and the cyclic peroxy semiacetal 35 is shifted in the direction of 35, as the result of an electron transfer from the amino group to the cyclic peroxide moiety, followed by 0—0 bond cleavage . Back-electron transfer would result in chemiexcitation (Scheme 25). 

A similar conclusion can be drawn from the interaction of metastable nitrogen molecules (the state) with these same surfaces. The relative excitation cross section (the excitation function) for this state is shown in Fig. 36 (see ref. ). Direct excitation by electron impact has a threshold at approximately 6eV and has a maximum at slightly higher energies. De-excitation from the etc. 

Abstraction, hydrogen atom, from O—H bonds, 9, 127 Acid-base behaviour macroeycles and other concave structures, 30, 63 Acid-base properties of electronically excited states of organic molecules, 12, 131 Acid solutions, strong, spectroscopic observation of alkylcarbonium ions in, 4, 305 Acids, reactions of aliphatic diazo compounds with, 5, 331 Acids, strong aqueous, protonation and solvation in, 13, 83 Acids and bases, oxygen and nitrogen in aqueous solution, mechanisms of proton transfer between, 22, 113... 

To examine the tribochemical processes of various fresh metal surfaces in the presence of oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor electron emission was measured. It is known that the energy of excited electrons comes from the reaction of 02 with the freshly exposed metal surface (see Table 5.5) (Ferrante, 1976 Gesell et al., 1970 Moucharafieh and Olmsted, 1971 Nakayama et al., 1995 Wei and Lytle, 1976). Emission intensity was compared with literature values of the electron work function (FW), (Hodgeman et al., 1962) and heat of formation (AHf) of hydroxides, oxides and nitrides (Dean et al., 1973). 

Electronically excited carbonyl chromophores in ketones, aldehydes, amides, imides, or electron-deficient aromatic compounds may act as electron acceptors (A) versus alkenes, amines, carboxylates, carboxamides, and thioethers (D, donors). In addition, PET processes can also occur from aromatic rings with electron-donating groups to chloroacetamides. These reactions can be versatile procedures for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with six-membered (or larger) rings [2],... 

Looking at decay curves in Fig. 7 closely, the small deviation from the single exponential decay can be observed. The fast decay component is observed in each time profile. The deviation is clear especially in the case of 1.0 MeV nitrogen. Because of the time profiles in Fig. 6, it is considered that the fast decay component is not due to the intertrack quenching but due to other effects of the high density electronic excitation. Further study of the fast decay component is in progress. 

For many decades chemists faced the problem of nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. The energy of electron detachment from the binding orbitals of dinitrogen or molecule excitation to the excited states is very high (369 and 143 kcal/mole,... 

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