Nitrile monooxygenase

Microsomal membranes containing L-amino acid iV-monooxygenase, iV-hydroxy amino acid dehydrogenase (oxy-dative decarboxylat-ing), aldoxime dehydratase, nitrile monooxygenase (D 9.3)... 

L-Amino acid iV-monooxygenase 2 iV-hydroxy amino acid dehydrogenase (oxydative decarbo-xylating) 3 aldoxime dehydratase 4 nitrile monooxygenase 5 glucosyltransferase... 

Fipronil is well absorbed from the gut but relatively poorly absorbed from the skin. Once absorbed, fipronil is rapidly oxidized to the sulfone derivative by the cytochrome P450 NADPFI-dependent monooxygenases in liver and other tissues. Fipronil is also metabolized via hydrolysis of nitrile to yield an amide metabolite. Both fipronil and its metabolites... 

Toxicokinetic and enzyme inhibition studies have established that aldicarb can readily bioactivate in most organisms into aldicarb sulfoxide and sulfone, which are more potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. These metabolites may further convert into oximes and nitriles, all of which may be excreted out mostly in the urine. Studies in cows have shown that about 90% of aldicarb eliminated out within 24 -honrs through urine, exhaled air and milk. Stndies in fish indicate that both the cytochrome P450 and flavin monooxygenase systems are involved in bioactivation of aldicarb to its snlfoxide (Perkins, Jr. and Schlenk 2000). 

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