Nitration by nitric acid in organic solvents other than acetic anhydride

3 Nitration by nitric acid in organic solvents other than acetic anhydride 

The kinetics of nitration by nitric acid in nitromethane and acetic acid have been studied in detail40, and interpretation of the data here is perhaps made a little more difficult by the fact that spectroscopic and conductimetric analyses give no evidence for the existence of the nitronium ion in these media57. 

The kinetics obtained are very similar to those with aqueous nitric acid-sulphuric acid. Thus reactive aromatics, i.e. reactivity of toluene and above, give 

In general, nitrations in nitromethane show a greater tendency towards zeroth-order kinetics, so that, for example, whereas benzene gives first-order kinetics on nitration by 7.0 M nitric acid in acetic acid (Table 13), in nitro- 

It is clear from the above that the appropriate reactions are (21a) 

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