Networks with Stiff Hydrocarbon Segments

Where the nickel catalyst is Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 with Ph standing for a phenyl ring. This reaction was also conducted with aryl substituted dibromobenzene with similar results [243]  

In another case [237a, 242], the starting monomer was dialkyl substituted 4-bromobenzeneboronic acid and the polymerization was conducted in a heterogeneous mixture of benzene and water containing sodium carbonate in the presence of PdfPPhj) catalyst  

This was followed by the preparation of p-terphenyl and stiff aromatic oligomers terminated by reactive end-groups (telechelic oligomers or telomers in short). 

With m being much smaller than n and X being either B(OH)2 or Br. The oligomers terminated with boronic acid were converted to acetoxy or meth-oxycarbonyl end-caps by reacting the boronic acid-terminated oligomers with the respective p-substituted beromobenzene [244]  

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