Nepetalactone, dihydro

Defensive substances are often general irritants that can be used in a variety of contexts. For example, the alloxystine wasps (Cynipoidea), all hyperpara-sitoids of other hymenopteran parasitoids, produce a large number of compounds in their cephalic (mainly mandibular) glands. These compounds include m/p-xylol, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one 16, various iridoids 21 and frans-dihydro-nepetalactone 22 [46,73]. 

Among the monoterpenoid lactones, derivatives of the iridane series 600) have acquired limited importance as aroma substances. Nepetalactone (143) occurs in quantities of up to 78% in American oil of catnip Nepeta cataria L.) 490), while epinepetalactone (144) is the major constituent (70%) of the essential oil of Nepeta mussini L. 490). The essential oil of this species was also found to contain neonepetalactone (146) as well as the two saturated compounds a- and 5-dihydronepetalactones (147) and (148) 490, 518) and 5,9-dehydronepetalactone (145) 528). Both dihydro compounds (147) and (148) are structurally closely related to the iri-domyrmecins from Actinidia polygama 515, 516). Lactones (143) to (150) are aroma compounds which have a strong odor and which exert an attracting effect on Felidae 518, 519). 

Macrocyclic lactones such as ambrettolide (= 7-hexadecen-l,16-olide) (19), 15-pen-tadecanolide (20), hexadecanolide (21), and so on, as well as coumarin (22), dihydro-coumarin (23), bergaptene (24) nepetalactones (25) phthalides such as 3-butylphthahde (26), sedanolide (27), (Z)-ligustilide (28), 3-butyhdene-4,5-dihydrophthalide (29), and... 

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ , ]

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