Near statistical fine structure

Figure 17. Near-field spectroscopy. Statistical fine structure and single-molecule features upon approach to the near field. Approximate distances from the surface (a) 1.2 pm, (b) 0.5 pm, and (c) 210-270 run. Each panel shows two spectra taken as 5 min apart to show reproducibility. The distance for case (c) was estimated from the background fluorescence increase (BFI) approach curve. Zero detuning = 592.066 nm,...

Figure 5. Statistical fine structure and single-molecule features upon approach to the near-field. Approximate distances from the surface (a)...

When water is finely dispersed as an aerosol, an emulsion, or as small clusters in polymeric host media, its thermal behavior can deviate significantly from that exhibited by bulk water. The reasons for these deviations are examined, and a statistical-mechanical approach for their study is proposed. A rough estimate is obtained for the depression of the temperature of maximum mean density for small spherical droplets. An explanation is advanced (in terms of specific structural fluctuations) for the singular behavior of strongly supercooled water that has been observed in emulsions near -40 by Angell and collaborators. 

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