Nasal plugs

In mart, an overlooked feature is the occurrence of mucoid-like plugs in the foetal nostrils (Schaeffer, 1910). The presence of this blockage can be confirmed by endoscopic inspection in utero these plugs seem likely to affect free amniotic flow, since they appear to be reinforced by a folded membranous gathering at the nasal vestibule (PI. 4B). A degree of restriction of fluid access to the VN aperture, which is immediately caudal to the nostril aperture, and is patent in foetal life, may be a protective feature (Jordan, 1972). The timing of the dissolution of these sealant devices prior to parturition is regrettably not known. 

Prevention of access is the least intrusive method since it need not have any irreversible consequences for the afferent pathway. The common entrance to both olfactory systems in newts is easily closed-off by plugging the nostrils (Kikuyama et al., 1997). A potentially reversible method threaded plugs into the NP canal of cats via the nasal cavity (Verbeme, 1980). This procedure produced a slight effect on male chemoinvestigation of urine and or scent marks. The advantages of avoiding tissue disturbance then, have to be offset by the lack of any estimate of the effectiveness of the blockade, especially if reversible. Tissue cement injections into the N-Pd can be applied to the larger... 

The transplant of nasal mucosa was first prescribed by Naumann for the treatment of severe and bilateral conjunctival mucous shortages. In a study of 24 patients including 16 victims of a severe eye bum with symblepharons, Naumann has observed an improvement of the condition of the ocular surface in all of the cases. He has then concluded that the transplantation of nasal mucosa is better than the transplant of buccal mucosa. When the ocular damage is bilateral, the transplant of nasal mucosa would be perfectly recommended [11]. The nasal cavities are examined with an endoscope in order to find the zone to be sampled. The graft of nasal mucosa is taken from the septum, from the lower or medium turbinates. Under endoscopy and after local anesthesia, the anterior part of the turbinates is usually sampled. A hemostasis is cautiously operated and a gauze plugging of the cavity is set up. This... 

An example of this lack of basic information can be found in the standard 40 cm oval nasal spray bottle which usually consists of an LDPE bottle, LDPE plug, dip tube, and a thermoset or thermoplastic cap. The cap may incorporate one of four types of primary seal, a spigot (which fits into the plug orifice), a half ball (which fits into a recess or socket in the plug), a raised ring, or a flat sealing surface. 

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