Nanostructured conducting polymers fabrication methods

D machining of electrochemically active materials, including the construction of unconventional island patterns on a surface with nanoscale resolution, was also realized by this method [95, 115-117]. Thus, electrochemical machining can be applied to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS] [118] and even in the nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS]. Electrochemical methods can realize the nanofabrication in a selective place and make the complicated 3D nanostructures. Conducting polymers can also be fabricated in this way. Similar to the electrochemical machining, by application of short voltage pulses to the tool electrode in the vicinity of the workpiece electrode, the electropolymerization... 

Recently anchoring nanosized SnO on anisotropic nanostructures of conducting polymers has attracted much attention, emerging the ID or 2D nanocomposites as high-performed anode materials. Zhang et al. employed a facile two-step electrochemical reaction method including electropolymerization and electrodeposition to fabricate SnO -nanoparticles-decorated PPy nanowires [108]. SEM and TEM reveal that the surface of PPy nanowires was densely coated with SnO nanoparticles (Figure 7.15). 

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