Named reactions Beckmann rearrangement

Of course, other reaction types have been also investigated more recently, such as the Beckmann rearrangement [247,277,278] or ethylbenzene disproportionation [279, 280], just to name a couple. In situ NMR methods are expected to play a vital role in the future science of heterogeneous catalysis. 

The common name caprolactam comes from the original name for the Ce carboxylic acid, caproic acid. Caprolactam is the cyclic amide (lactam) of 6-aminocaproic acid. Its manufacture is from cyclohexanone, made usually from cyclohexane (58%), but also available from phenol (42%). Some of the cyclohexanol in cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol mixtures can be converted to cyclohexanone by a ZnO catalyst at 400°C. Then the cyclohexanone is converted into the oxime with hydroxylamine. The oxime undergoes a very famous acid-catalyzed reaction called the Beckmann rearrangement to give caprolactam. Sulfuric acid at 100-120°C is common but phosphoric acid is also used, since after treatment with ammonia the by-product becomes... 

Into this group fall the named oxidation rearrangement reactions which proceed with carbon-carbon bond cleavage and 1,2-transfer of an alkyl group to a heteroatom, such as the Baeyer-Villiger reaction (discussed in Chapter 5.1, this volume) and the Beckmann reaction (found in Chapter 5.2, this volume) of ketones, as well as the Hofmann reaction/Schmidt reaction/Curtius rearrangement of carboxylic acid derivatives. The two examples discussed here involve related reactions of alcohols. 

ITQ-2 zeolite prepared by delamination of MCM-22 precursor, is formed by disordered individual sheets of crystalline zeolitic layers in where the Bronsted acid sites are of zeolitic nature and the vast majority of them aecessible to large molecules. The delaminated zeolite combines the acid characteristic of microporous zeolites with accessibility of the sites of mesoporous Al/MCM-41 and amorphous silica-alumina. The superior catalytic performance of delaminated zeolites compared to conventional zeolites and Al/MCM- 1 is examplified for reactions involving large reactant molecules, namely the preparation of dimethyl acetals, the Beckmann rearrangement of bulky cycloalkanone oximes and hydroxylation of aromatics. 

Beckmann rearrangement The chemical conversion of a ketone oxime into an amide, usually using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction, used in the manufacture of nylon and other polyamides, is named after the German chemist Ernst Beckmarm (1853-1923). 

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