Mutilatus

Bartelt, R. J. and Weisleder, D. (1996). Polyketide origin of pheromones of Carpophilus davidsoni and C. mutilatus (Coleoptera Nitidulidae). Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 4 429 138. 

Ca. mutilatus wt, f California chem, seas Bartelt et al., 1993a... 

Some of the observed cross-attraction may have been an artifact of unnaturally high pheromone releases from septa for example, the response threshold of Ca. mutilatus to the pheromone of Ca. hemipterus was at least ten times higher than to its own (Bartelt et al., 1994a). Furthermore, the ratios of components emitted from septa shifted somewhat over time (Bartelt and James, 1994) therefore, the preference for a species own blend may not have been as clear as possible, which would make cross-attraction appear relatively strong. 

Effects of pheromone dose on trap catch have been studied. The usual amount of pheromone per septum was 500 pg. In California, all doses of Ca. hemipterus pheromone from 15 to 15 000 pg per septum were significantly active in the field, and for Ca. mutilatus, all doses from 50 to 15 000 pg were active (Bartelt et al., 1994a). Attractiveness increased with pheromone dose throughout the range for both species. Similar trends were noted for these species in Australia when 500 - and 5000 -pg doses were compared (James et al., 1994). With Carpophilus beetles, high pheromone doses never became repellent. 

Bartelt, R.J., Carlson, D. G, Vetter, R.S. and Baker, T.C. (1993a). Male-produced aggregation pheromone of Catpophilus mutilatus (Coleoptera Nitidufidae). J. Chem. Ecol., 19,107-118. 

James, D.G., Vogele, B., Faulder, R. J. and Moore, C. J. (2000c). Efficacy of multispecies pheromone lures for Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson and Carpophilus mutilatus Erichson (Coleoptera Nitidulidae). Aust. J. Entomol., 39, 83-85. 

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