Mutagenic activity fractionated drinking water concentrate

Figure 1. Effect of resin type on the mutagenic activity of drinking water concentrates in the Ames test. The sampling, 7000-fold concentration with either XAD-2 or XAD-4/8, DMSO elution (20 mL, neutral fraction), and subsequent mutagenicity testing were as described in Materials and Methods. Similar concentrates of The Hague tap water were used as controls. Each point represents the average of four plates, and 0.50 mL of concentrate corresponds to 3.5 L of water per plate.

$Figure 1. Effect of resin type on the mutagenic activity of drinking water concentrates in the Ames test. The sampling, 7000-fold concentration with either XAD-2 or XAD-4/8, DMSO elution (20 mL, neutral fraction), and subsequent mutagenicity testing were as described in Materials and Methods. Similar concentrates of The Hague tap water were used as controls. Each point represents the average of four plates, and 0.50 mL of concentrate corresponds to 3.5 L of water per plate.$

Figure 8. Mutagenic activity of a fractionated LH20 drinking water concentrate (neutral fraction) as detected with nitroreductase-deficient bacterial strains. LH20 fractionated drinking water concentrates were tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity test as described in Materials and Methods. Each point represents the average value of three plates.

$Figure 8. Mutagenic activity of a fractionated LH20 drinking water concentrate (neutral fraction) as detected with nitroreductase-deficient bacterial strains. LH20 fractionated drinking water concentrates were tested in the Salmonella mutagenicity test as described in Materials and Methods. Each point represents the average value of three plates.$

Figure 3. Effect of heating on the activity of a mutagenic drinking water concentrate. A mutagenic XAD-4/8 acetone concentrate (neutral fraction) was heated to 250 °C. The total heating time was 1 h. After this period, the organic residue was dissolved in acetone and retested in the Salmonella...

$Figure 3. Effect of heating on the activity of a mutagenic drinking water concentrate. A mutagenic XAD-4/8 acetone concentrate (neutral fraction) was heated to 250 °C. The total heating time was 1 h. After this period, the organic residue was dissolved in acetone and retested in the Salmonella...$

Figure 6. Fractionation of a mutagenic drinking water concentrate with Sephadex LH20. On a Sephadex LH20 column, 1.6 mL of a drinking water concentrate (IX 106-fold concentrated, neutral fraction) was separated by using stepwise isopropyl alcohol (ISOP) and dioxane/water (D/W) elution as described in Material and Methods. Fractions were pooled as indicated. After reconcentration the fractions were assayed for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity test and CHO cells (Table I).

$Figure 6. Fractionation of a mutagenic drinking water concentrate with Sephadex LH20. On a Sephadex LH20 column, 1.6 mL of a drinking water concentrate (IX 106-fold concentrated, neutral fraction) was separated by using stepwise isopropyl alcohol (ISOP) and dioxane/water (D/W) elution as described in Material and Methods. Fractions were pooled as indicated. After reconcentration the fractions were assayed for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity test and CHO cells (Table I).$

Figure 9. Distribution of halogenated hydrocarbons and mutagenic activity in HPLC fractions of a drinking water concentrate (neutral fraction). HPLC fractions obtained by linear-gradient HPLC analysis (H2O-C2H3N) were tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity test (TA98) and assayed for halogenated hydrocarbon content as described in Materials...

$Figure 9. Distribution of halogenated hydrocarbons and mutagenic activity in HPLC fractions of a drinking water concentrate (neutral fraction). HPLC fractions obtained by linear-gradient HPLC analysis (H2O-C2H3N) were tested for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella mutagenicity test (TA98) and assayed for halogenated hydrocarbon content as described in Materials...$

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