Multiple uptake modes

The concept of multiple uptake modes of ligand-receptor interaction arose from studies of acyclic analgesics of the basic anilide type 34 and was first clearly delineated by Portoghese.(71) These anilides differ from the general... 

As a consequence, the overall penetrant uptake cannot be used to get direct informations on the degree of plasticization, due to the multiplicity of the polymer-diluent interactions. The same amount of sorbed water may differently depress the glass transition temperature of systems having different thermal expansion coefficients, hydrogen bond capacity or characterized by a nodular structure that can be easily crazed in presence of sorbed water. The sorption modes, the models used to describe them and the mechanisms of plasticization are presented in the following discussion. 

Cytokeratin Intermediate filament keratins found in epithelial tissue. There are two types of cytokeratins the acidic type 1 cytokeratins and the basic or neutral type 11 cytokeratins. Cytokeratins are thought to play a role in the activation of plasma prekallikrein and plasminogen. See Crewther, W.G., Fraser, R.D., Lennox, F.G., and Lindley, H., The chemistry of keratins, Adv. Protein Chem. 20, 191-346, 1965 Masri, M.S. and Friedman, M., Interactions of keratins with metal ions uptake profiles, mode of binding, and effects on the properties of wool, Arfv. Exp. Med. Biol. 48, 551-587,1974 Fuchs, E. and Green, H., Multiple keratins of cultured human epidermal cells are translated from different mRNA molecules. Cell 17, 573-582, 1979 ... 

A separate study by Herce and Garcia shows a similar mode of uptake of the Tat peptide in a simulated mammalian membrane. As with the antimiaobials, this model requires that multiple Tat peptides penetrate the membrane together. The crowding of peptides cause a thinning of the membranes, and then the peptides begin to insert into the membrane. The insertion of the peptides results in the formation of a narrow 3 nm pore. 

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