Multiple square-wave voltammetry

Fig. 1.7 Potential-time waveforms obtained by superimposing the square-wave signal onto a staircase signal square-wave voltammetry (a), differential pulse voltammetry (6) and multiple square-wave voltammetry (c)...

Souza, D.D., Machado, S.A.S., and Fires, R.C. (2006) Multiple square wave voltammetry for analytical determination of paraquat in natural water, food, and beverages using microelectrodes. Talanta, 69 (5), 1200-1207. 

Ugo P, Moretto LM, Rudello D, Bitriel E, Chevalet J (2001) Trace iron determination by cyclic and multiple square-wave voltammetry at nafion coated electrodes. Application to pore-water analysis. Electroanalysis 13 661-668... 

Barker square-wave voltammetry — The protocol of - square-wave voltammetry developed by - Barker is based on a square wave potential train with a frequency that is high compared to the scan rate of the DC potential, i.e., a multiple number of positive and negative... 

As it can provide some of the most basic electrochemical information related to the reactivity of the selected analyte (peak potential and peak current) most instruments that perform amperometry can also perform some of the most basic voltammetric techniques. These techniques determine the current as a function of the potential applied to the WE (in a conventional three-electrode cell) and can be performed with relatively simple instrumentation [105,106]. As different signals can be combined in the input ports of the instrument, multiple variations of the technique have been developed including cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, linear sweep stripping voltammetry, stripping voltammetry [107, 108], fast-scan cyclic voltammetry [109], square-wave voltammetry [110],and sinusoidal voltammetry [111]. 

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