Muir, Maxim

For further contractions (N-2, N-3), Maxim Muir recommends an alternative Solution B. 

NOTE Maxim Muir recommends adding 5.0 grams of sodium bisulfite to buffer the hydroquinone solution. 

Ketamine is a low-molecular-weight, highly lipid- and water-soluble molecule. As such, it can quickly cross the blood-brain barrier, producing a maximal effect in the CNS within 1 min of i.v. administration. Ketamine exists as a racemic mixture of the two optical isomers S(+)-ketamine and R(-)-ketamine. The majority of the hypnosis and analgesia produced by ketamine is contributed by the S(+)-isomer (Joo et al 2000, Muir Hubbell 1988, Redig et al 1984). A purified S(+)-ketamine pharmaceutical product is not yet available commercially for veterinary use and the possible advantages of such a product in the horse have not been established. Ketamine is 45-60% bound to equine plasma proteins (Kaka et al 1979) meaning that the maximal effect of ketamine is unlikely to be altered substantially by hypoproteinemic states. 

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