Most-Specific-Generalization Method

There are several reactions that are frequently used to generate free radicals, both for the study of radical structure and reactivity and also in synthetic processes. Some of the most general methods are outlined here. These reactions will be encountered again when specific examples are discussed. For the most part, we will defer discussion of the reactions of the radicals until then. 

The most general method for synthesis of cyclic enamines is the oxidation of tertiary amines with mercuric acetate, which has been investigated primarily by Leonard 111-116) and applied in numerous examples of structural investigation and in syntheses of alkaloids 102,117-121). The requirement of a tram-coplanar arrangement of an a proton and mercury complexed on nitrogen, in the optimum transition state, confers valuable selectivity to the reaction. It may thus be used as a kinetic probe for stereochemistry as well as for the formation of specific enamine isomers. 

General and specific detection methods [13,14] In TLC, many different detection methods, including inspection under short wave and long wave UV light and sequential application of a series of compatible reagents can be employed on a developed TLC plate. Most well established and routinely used HPLC detection methods still use UV, which cannot always capture all the eluates from column separation. 

With these general principles of shrinkage and porosity in mind that apply to most ceramic processes, we proceed to the specific processing methods by examining some of the oldest materials processing techniqnes known, and we progress throngh time and technical difficulty to cnrrent techniqnes that prodnce complex components of incredible purity and dimensional tolerances. 

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