Monovalent Fluid Metals

The alkali metals are of major scientific and technological interest. For this reason, a great deal of research effort has been devoted to their physical properties, despite severe experimental difficulties associated with their high chemical reactivity. Some of the current and potential applications of fluid alkali metals are mentioned in Section 1.3. From the perspective of fundamental science, the alkali metals occupy a special place. In their normal (high density) phases, they are among the simplest of metals their electronic structure and properties more closely approximate those of the free electron gas than any other elemental group. 

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Cyanuric Acid. Organic cyanurates and isocyanurates have been prepared as pure materials and their use as metal precipitants has been reported in the literature (25-25). Diallylisocyanurate salts of cadmium, copper, and lead have been described and polyisocyanurates have been cited as precipitants for monovalent and divalent metal ions — including Cd, Hg and Pb —from waste streams (26). Initial tests with 10-34-0 (pH 6.8) indicated that ammonium cyanurate was soluble in the media however, no measurement of the solubility was made and no precipitate was observed. Addition of ammonium cyanurate to a 10-30-0 (pH 6.0) grade phosphate fluid fertilizer containing 40 ppm cadmium indicated low solubility of the reactant in the media and resulted in no cadmium removal at stoichiometries ranging from 25 to 480%. Confirmatory tests... 

Monovalent and polyvalent alkyl carboxylates are respectively called "soap" and "metallic soap." The straight chain of the fatty acids varies from C12 to C20. Higher members are too hydrophobic to be used and lower members have little surfactant value. Stearic acid soaps are doubtless the most widely utilized emulsifiers in oil-in-waier emulsions. Unsaturated fatty acid soaps such as oleate produce fluid emulsions (IS). The most common associated cations are sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, and triethanolamine. Monovalent salts of carboxylic acids are generally used to produce oil-in-water emulsions. 

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