Monomers nanostructure materials

Introducing chirality into polymers has distinctive advantages over the use of nonchiral or atactic polymers because it adds a higher level of complexity, allowing for the formation of hierarchically organized materials. This may have benefits in high-end applications such as nanostructured materials, biomaterials, and electronic materials. Synthetically, chiral polymers are typically accessed by two methods. Firstly, optically active monomers - often obtained from natural sources - are polymerized to afford chiral polymers. Secondly, chiral catalysts are applied that induce a preferred helicity or tacticity into the polymer backbone or activate preferably one of the enantiomers [59-64]. 

Numerous attempts to prepare nanostructured materials by polymerization of suitable monomers (hke MMA and styrene) in water-in-oil [76,77] or oil-in-water [39,51,78-81] and bicontinuous microemulsion [27,82-84] have been made. Polymeric materials were traditionally stabilized by non-polymerizable... 

Kakwere, H. Perrier, S. Design of complex polymeric architectures and nanostructured materials/ hybrids by living radical polymerization of hydroxylated monomers. Polym. Chem. 2011,2 (2), 270-288. 

These advantages illustrate the great potential of the GASP method in the preparation of nanocomposites by combinations of many kinds of monomers with (pre) nanostructured materials. 

In the context of utilizing surfactant assemblies for building nanostructured polymeric materials, one other approach that deserves mention is the polymerization of standard monomers partitioned into the hydrophobic regions of surfactant aggregates one in particular that has received a lot of attention is vesicle templating [84]. The basic idea in this approach is to generate vesicles using appropriate surfactants and then to solubilize standard monomers, such as styrene, within the... 

The most widely used technique to get information on the electronic structure of clean surfaces, nanostructures on surfaces, or even molecules adsorbed on surfaces is ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). The difficulty of this method, when applying it to clusters on surfaces, is to obtain sufficient spectral contrast between the low number of adsorbed clusters and the substrate [45]. Thus, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is more successfully used as a tool for the investigation of the electronic structure of supported clusters. An interesting test case for its suitability is the characterization of supported monomers, i.e., single Cu atoms on an MgO support material [200], as this system has been studied in detail before with various surface science techniques [201-204]. The adsorption site of Cu on MgO(lOO) is predicted... 

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