Monomer concentration at time

L t PJ sents the monomer concentration at time t, as obtained from Fourier treinsform 13C-NMR data. The rate consteint of propagation kp can now be determined by measuring Cm] as a function of polymerization time, t. (For the derivation of this expression, see the Appendix.)... 

Where [M]q and [M] are the monomer concentrations at time zero and time t respectively. [RXlo is the alkyl hahde initiator concentration at time zero. [Cu lo and [Cu ]o are the activator and deactivator concentrations, respectively, at time zero, kp is the propagation rate constant, ka is the activation rate constant, kj is the deactivation rate constant, and kt is the rate coefficient for bimolecular termination. Equation 3 applies to the situation where a pseudoequihbrium concentration of deactivator [Cu(II) in this case] is built up. In the case of many ATRP reactions where no deliberate addition of Cu(II) has taken place, equation 4 will provide a better match with experimental data. Fischer and co-workers have derived an expression for the concentration of deactivator necessary to switch from equation 4 to equation 3. The equation derived by Fischer reads (for ATRP) ... 

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