Monolayer sheets

When these lipids are dispersed in water, they spontaneously form bilayer membranes (also called lamellae) which are composed of two monolayer sheets of lipid molecules with their hydrophobic surfaces facing one another and their hydrophilic surfaces contacting the aqueous medium. In the case of phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (10.50), the structure consists of ... 

Hydrogels can absorb a significant amount of water and exhibit good flexibility, comparable to natural tissue, and these properties have led to many applications in the biotechnological and medical fields [59, 60]. To achieve the sustained release of hydrophobic compounds, Murakami and co-workers developed a tissue-adhesive hydrogel covalently bonded to a reactive polymeric micelle formed from aldehyde-terminated CHO-PEG-/>-PLA copolymers [61, 62]. Recently, several approaches have been proposed to fabricate materials in sheet form in order to maximise the surface area, e.g., a layer-by-layer sheet of polyelectrolytes [63-65], a self-assembled monolayer sheet [66] and an NP fused sheet [67-69]. 

Figure 30 L—Model of Zn"-based monolayer sheet and transmetallation to other M". Adapted with permission from Ref. i4JA6W3. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.

Nakano, H., Mitsuoka, T, Harada, M., Horibuchi, K., Nozaki, H., Takahashi, N., Nonaka, T, Seno, Y, Nakamura, H. (2006). Soft synthesis of single-crystal sihcon monolayer sheets. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45,6303-6306. 

Figure 11 Schematic representation of the formation of mono- and double-layer assembly products as described with S-layer subunits isolated from G. stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a. This S-layer shows oblique lattice symmetry with center-to-center spacings of the morphological units of 9.4 and 11.6 nm and a base angle of 78°. The oblique lattice symmetry allows us to unambiguously determine the orientation of the constituent monolayer sheets in double-layer self-assembly products. On the oblique monolayer sheet A the axes of the two types of small (70 and 100 nm diameter) monolayer cylinders are formed as indicated. One of the axes includes an angle of 24° to the short base vector of the oblique S-layer lattice. The second axis is perpendicular to the first. Both monolayer cylinders have an identical direction of curvature. Owing to differences in the charge distribution on both the S-layers, PCF is only bound to the inner surface of both types of monolayer cylinders. Five types of double-layer self-assembly products with back-to-back orientation of the inner surface of the constituent monolayers have been found. The superimposition of sheets A and B in the double-layer assembly products of type I is demonstrated and the angular displacement of sheet B with respect to A around point X for the assembly products of type II to V is indicated. (Modified after P. Messner, D. Pum, and U.B. Sleytr. J. Ultrastruct. Mol. Struct. Res. 97 73-88,1986. With permission.)...

Takamizawa, K., Shoda, K., Matsuda, T. (2002). PuU-out mechanical measurement of tissue-substrate adhesive strength endothelial ceU monolayer sheet formed on a thermorespHjnsive gelatin layer. Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, 13, 81-94. 

The existence of the sandwich compound with an Au monoiayer sheet [Au3Tr2Cl3] + has been predicted at the ab initio level of theory and the scalar relativistic DFT [138]. The fully optimized geometry of [Au3Tr2Cl3] shown in Fig. 21 is a triangular gold(l) monolayer sheet capped by chlorines and bounded to two cycloheptatrienyl (Tr) ligands. 

A chicken-wire-like sheet of carbon atoms in graphite is called a graphene sheet. Graphene, a single monolayer sheet of graphite, is a new material with exceptional promise in the electronics industry. 

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