Monochromators single crystal type

X-Ray Methods. A camera with a curved quartz crystal monochromator served to identify the crystal type of the sulfide under study and to verify that it belonged to a single-phase system. To reduce the effect of the titanium fluorescence excited by the copper radiation used, an aluminum filter 0.03 mm. thick was... 

There are two types of neutron sources available for powder diffraction. One is the nuclear reactor, which provides a monochromatic beam of wavelength 1.0 A, selected by means of a crystal monochromator from the continuous wavelength spectrum of thermalized neutrons [481. The diffraction experiment uses the Bragg method as in X-ray single crystal diffractometry. 

Historically, all the early neutron sources were of the conventional reactor type, and a large monochromating crystal was commonly employed (for single-crystal diffraction experiments) to select neutrons with a small wavelength spread in order to produce a monochromatic neutron beam. The rest... 

An early type of this double monochromator is used with the instrument X15 at EMBL, Hamburg ( This consists of two separate single crystals. The first crystal... 

Wendlandt (45) used a microscopic method for the determination of the reflectance of the sample. The apparatus, as shown in Figure 9.28, consisted of a low-power (100 x, generally) reflection-type microscope, A, which is illuminated by means of a monochromator, B. The reflected radiation is detected by a photomultiplier tube, C, and amplifier, D, and recorded on either an X-Y recorder, E, or a strip-chart recorder, F. In order to heat the sample to 250°C, a Mettler Model FP-2 hot stage, G, is employed. Either isothermal ( 1CC) or dynamic sample temperatures may be attained by this device. The sample is moved through the illuminated optical field by means of the reversible motor, H. The motor is reversed at preset intervals by a relay circuit and timer, J. Thus, it is possible to scan the reflectance from the sample, which may consist of a single crystal or a powdered mixture. Powdered samples may be placed directly on the heated microscope slide or... 

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