Mono-, structural notation

Figure 12.15 Gangliosides. The prefix mono-, di, tri- or tetra- denotes the number of sialic acid W-acetyl neuraminic acid, NANA) residues present in the molecule. The many different gangliosides have complex structures and for convenience shorthand notations are used. The two commonest were introduced by Svennerholm, who named the parent compound GM1, and Wiegnandt, who named it Ggnti. The latter system gives enough information for the structures to be worked out from the shorthand form once the symbols have been learnt. GalNAc represents N-acetyl galactosamine in the above structure.

Figure 2 shows several all-trans and mono-czs isomers of -carotene which have been identified. The ail-trans isomer is unique in that it contains a stretched conj ugated system with C21, synunetry. The symmetry notations of nAJ, nAj, nB and nB are appropriate for this structure (Tavan and Schulten,... 

Complete introductions to the chemistry and to the structural diversity of CBHs, glycoconjugates, and glycans can be found in the literature [2, 3, 28]. Here we present only the basic properties of mono- and oligosaccharides relevant for gas-phase spectroscopy and necessary to follow the discussions which follow. We begin by introducing the main actors of this chapter, their naming, atomic numbering, and conformational notation. 

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