Molten metal cooling fluids

For all hydrogen transport membranes, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the permeate must always be maintained at a partial pressure lower than that of the hydrogen in the source in order to maintain a net hydrogen flux from the source to the permeate [14]. For membrane applications with molten metal cooling fluids, in which upstream partial pressures in the retentate can be equivalent to only 2.7 x 10 Pa to 6.7 x lO" Pa (2.0 x lO" torr to 5.0 x 10 torr) [15], the partial pressure of hydrogen in the permeate must be kept exceptionally low. 

The above-mentioned properties are required at the orifice, if the fluid is heated or cooled. Higher viscosities are tolerated in fluid delivery system if this does not create a pressure drop that limits the desired maximum frequency. For high density fluids such as molten metals, the fluid properties should be converted to kinematic values to determine if The fluid properties are acceptable for dispensing. 

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