Molecular motions, liposome

Figure 2. An oversimplified representation of molecular motions in liposome bilayers. Individual lipids can rotate (A), undergo sequential motion (B), flip-flop (C), undergo lateral diffusion (D), or intervesicle exchange (E).

These have thus far included studies of the following systems proteins, microemulsions, colloids, copolymers, micelles, liposomes, fibrinogen, internal molecular motions, liquid interfaces, fatty acids, viruses, bacteria, vesicles, viscosity, lipids, motile cells, enzymes, lipoprotein, polyelectrolytes, spores, liquid crystals, glass transmissions, sols, microgels, soot, blood plasma, nanoparticles, swelling latex, gene delivery, and intravenous fat emulsions. 

Another approach is to assemble multiple chelates either covalently (11) (oligomer, polymer, and dendrimer) or non-covalently (12, 13) (micelle, liposome, and emulsion). These approaches all yield higher molecular relaxivities because of the assembly, but the per-ion relaxivity also is increased because motion is slowed. Fast internal motions can limit these relaxivity gains, but this limitation can be overcome by rigidifying the structure in some way (14). 

Lentz BR (1993) Use of fluorescent-probes to monitor molecular order and motions within liposome bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 64(l-3) 99-l 16. doi 10.1016/0009-3084(93)90060-g... 

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