Molecular composite knots

In the introduction we mentioned extravagant interlocked structures of higher complexity such as doubly intertwined catenane and molecular composite knots of Sauvage et al. and multicatenanes made up of 4 to 7 interlocked rings obtained by Stoddart et al. In this section, we will discuss assemblies made up of amide-based catenanes, rotaxanes and knots. Here we use the term assembly to describe covalent or... 

Fig. 3 Elements of molecular templates (a) a crossover reacts with a linker to give (i) a catenane and (ii) a rotaxane (b) a fused turn closed with a fused linker gives a macrobicycle (c) two anchors and two pairs of inverted ditopic turns template a trefoil knot (d) composite knots require two two-anchor templates and (e) oligocatenanes can be formed with multicrossover templates on a single anchor.

The use of the metal ion template procedure for producing topologically sophisticated structures is well illustrated by the synthesis of composite molecular knots such as 105 and 106 (Figure 6.41) in this case two topological diasteromers are... 

The Claspols (Section V.3) are obtained by the thermal decomposition of metal salts and carbonyls in polymers melts (PE, PTFE, etc.). Particles appear in Claspols that reduce the mobility of molecular chains, thereby increasing the thermal resistance of polymeric compositions. As noted above, the decomposition of a fine palladium hydroxide dispersion in PVC leads to the formation of network structures. These networks contain the highly dispersed metal in their PVC encapsulated knots. 

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