Modification environmental factors, protein

A diverse range of factors has been shown to influence, often profoundly, the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins and peptides. These include amino acid composition and sequence peptide length, concentration, pi and solubility and environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, solvent, metal-binding, macromolecular packing, membrane interactions and post-transitional modifications. Some of these effects are outlined below. 

In all cell systems the protein turnover is delicately balanced between its synthesis and degradation by different intraeellular proteases. For example, in a growing bacterium, 1-3% of the cell protein is degraded into amino acids every hour. Apart from this, protein turnover is an essential factor in the environmental adaptation of a cell, particularly in an environment lacking in protein or amino acids (Tanaka et al., 1998). There is a plethora of evidence to indicate that proteases are involved in modulation of gene expression, modification of the enzyme and its secretion proeesses and in the control of translation by modification of enzyme associated with ribozyme (Atsumi et al., 1989 Guzzo et al., 1991 Traidej et al., 2003 Peng et al., 2004). 

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