Modelling of urban air flows and release dispersion for emergency preparedness

3 Modelling of urban air flows and release dispersion for emergency preparedness 

Types and simplicities of the models for urban emergency preparedness, first of all, depend on the two main issues (i) scales of the considered processes, and (ii) aim of the modelling (as a risk assessment or operational forecasting tool). 

Depend on the scale of risk / danger three main types of the models are considered 1) meso- or city-scale, 2) district scale obstacle-resolved, and 3) separate building (group of buildings) outdoor and indoor coupled models. Models in each of the above mentioned types are different for the operational forecasting vs. risk assessment items. 

Meso- and city-scale meteorological models or wind fields models, used with emergency preparedness modelling systems for assessments and forecasting aims, are usually similar to the models used for NWP or in the urban air quality information and forecasting systems (UAQIFS). The availability of reliable UAQIFS with urban scale weather and pollution forecasts could be of relevant support for emergency management  

Therefore, the already discussed meteorological model types, methods of their urbanisation, nesting technique and the conclusions, discussed in the previous Section 9.3.2 are relevant here as well, so we send the reader to Sections 9.2.2-9.2.6 and do not repeat them here. 

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