Mixing in Pipelines

The major part of the book deals with nonideal reaetors. Chapter 4 on pore diffusion plus reaetion ineludes a new method for analyzing laboratory data and has a more eomplete treatment of the effeets of eomplex kineties, particle shape, and pore structure than most other texts. Catalyst design to minimize pore diffusion effects is emphasized. In Chapter 5 heat transfer correlations for tanks, particles, and packed beds, are reviewed, and the conditions required for reactor stability are discussed. Examples of unstable systems are included. The effects of imperfect mixing in stirred tanks and partial mixing in pipeline reactors are discussed in Chapter 6 with examples from the literature. Recommendations for scaleup or scaledown are presented. 

The process result of heat transfer is a heat transfer coefficient. For dispersion it is a drop or particle size and size distribution. For blending in tanks it is blend time to achieve a certain degree of mixing. The equivalent for mixing in pipeline flow is not as clear. Alloca and Streiff (1980) proposed using a radial coefficient of variation, and this concept is now widely accepted. Since it is unique in the process industries to pipeline flow, it merits some extended discussion. 

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