Mixed halogen

The most important of the halogenated derivatives of acetic acid is chloroacetic acid. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine derivatives are all known, as are mixed halogenated acids. For a discussion of the fluorine derivatives see Fluorine compounds, organic. 

Table 7. Chlorinated and Mixed Halogen Additive Flame Retardants...

Bromine vapor forms CgBr [12079-58-2] by direct addition to weU-oriented graphite. Other halogen and mixed halogen compounds have been prepared. 

The reactions of alkylaminofluorocyclophosphazenes with hydrogen halides have provided a route to cyclophosphazenes with mixed halogen substituents ... 

Figure 12.3 The strong oxidant chloramine-T can react with iodide anion in aqueous solution to form a highly reactive mixed halogen species. 125IC1 then can modify tyrosine and histidine groups in proteins to form radiolabeled products.

Figure 12.5 IODO-GEN is a water-insoluble oxidizing agent that can react with 1251 - to form a highly reactive mixed halogen species, 125IC1. This intermediate can add radioactive iodine atoms to tyrosine or histidine side chain rings.

Mixed halogen compoimds such as SOC1F can be prepared by reactions such as... 

Selective mixed halogenation of zirconacyclopentadienes is attractive from a synthetic point of view. Indeed, the successive treatment of zirconacyclopentadienes with N-chloro-succinimide (NCS) followed by iodine, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)/I2, or NCS/NBS selectively affords chloroiododienes, bromoiododienes, and chlorobromodienes, respectively (Eq. 2.17) [25],... 

The halogens form a number of stable oxides, but information on their thermal and photochemical decompositions in the gas phase is limited to two oxides of fluorine and several oxides of chlorine. Little research has been done on the decompositions of bromine, iodine or mixed-halogen oxides. 

In addition to 6,14-dibromopyranthrone, there are some mixed halogenated pyranthrone derivatives which exhibit equally useful pigment properties. 

Weber LW, Greim H. 1997. The toxicity of brominated and mixed-halogenated dipenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans an overview. J Toxicol Environ Health 50(3) 195-215. 

Halides of carbon, other than those given in Table XXXIV, are known, and mixed halogen compounds also exist the boiling points of these compounds are given in Table XXXV. In this series the boiling point rises by equal increments when one halogen in a compound is replaced by another, and the calculated values given in the table assume equal increments. It appears that the mixed... 

For a review of mixed halogenations where one side is fluorine, see Sharts Sheppard Org. React. 1974, 21, 125-406. pp. 137-157. See also German Zemskov, Ref. 612. For a review of halogen fluorides in organic synthesis, sec Boguslavskaya 7 uss. Chem. Rev. 1984, 53, 1178-1194. 

Numerous reagents may react with alkenes to yield mixed 1,2-dihalogenated compounds. Interhalogens prepared on mixing two different halides or their stoichiometric equivalents are used in mixed halogenations. 

Complexes [AuX3(PR3)] are usually prepared by oxidation of the gold(I) derivative [AuX(PR3)j with the corresponding halogen. Mixed halogen complexes can be prepared in a similar way as in equation (70).329 7... 

Radioiodination involves the substitution of radioactive iodine atoms for reactive hydrogen sites in target molecules. The process usually involves the action of a strong oxidizing agent to transform iodide ions into a highly reactive electrophilic iodine II compound (typically I2 or a mixed halogen species such as IC1). Formation of this electrophilic species leads to the potential for rapid iodination of aromatic compounds... 

The reaction of IODO-GEN with iodide ion in solution results in oxidation with subsequent formation of a reactive, mixed halogen species, IC1 (Fig. 266). Either 125I or 13 1 can be used in this reaction. The IC1 then rapidly reacts with any sites within target molecules that can undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. Within proteins, any tyrosine and histidine side-chain groups can be modified with iodine within... 

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