Mississippi River parameters

Figure 3.9 Stratification-circulation diagrams used to describe a spectrum of circulation and geomorphometric types of estuaries that can be defined by stratification. Estuarine types are as follows Type 1 estuaries are those without upstream flow requiring tidal transport for salt balance Type 2 estuaries are partially mixed (e.g., Marrows of the Mersey (NM) (UK), James River (J) (USA), Columbia River estuary (C) (USA) Type 3 estuaries are representative of fjords [e.g., Siver Bay (S), Strait of Juan de Fuca (JF) (USA)] and Type 4 estuaries indicative of salt wedge estuaries [e.g., Mississippi River (M) (USA)]. The basic classification parameters are as follows the stratification is defined by SS/Sq where SS is the difference in the salinity between surface and bottom water and So is the mean-depth salinity, both averaged over a tidal cycle and Us/Uf, where U is the surface velocity (averaged over a tidal cycle) and Uf is the vertically averaged net outflow. The subdivisions a and b represent values where SS/Sq <0.1 and SS/Sq >0.1, respectively subscripts h and 1 refer to high and low river flow. The curved line at the top represents the limit of surface freshwater outflow. (From Hansen and Rattray, 1966, as modified by Jay et al., 2000, with permission.)...

Figure 4 Variations in of total OC (left axis %o, open circles) and the abundance of lignin-derived syringyl and vanillyl phenols (right axis A, mg per 100 mg OC, triangles) in surface sediments from various water depths of the Gulf of Mexico in the vicinity of the outflow from the Mississippi River system (after Goni et aL, 1997 Also shown are average values for the same parameters determined on suspended particulate matter from the upper and lower reaches of the Mississippi River (extreme left column, error bars = 1 SD data from Onstad et ai, 2000). In addition, values are indicated for one lignin phenol (syringic acid filled circles), for selected shelf and slope...

RTD data from barge spill on Mississippi River. [3rd Ed, P14-10] RTD data to calculate conversion using all models, [3rd Ed. P14-11] Apply two-parameter model to multiple reactions. [3rd Ed. PI4-I5] New problems will be inserted from time to time on the web. 

Figure 2, Mean concentrations of major cations and general water quality parameters in the upper Mississippi River...

A study was conducted on Mississippi River sediment material under conditions of controlled pH (5.0, 6.5, and 8.0) and redox potential (-150, 50, 250, and 500 mV) to determine the effect of these parameters on chemical forms and distribution of added zinc. The results of this study indicate that adsorption by or coprecipitation with oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese was the important regulatory process governing the availability of zinc in this sediment-water system. 

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