Milled produces color

Sodium and Potassium Benzoate. These salts are available in grades meeting the specifications of the 25ationalVormulary (18) and the Vood Chemicals Codex (19) (Table 7). Sodium benzoate [532-32-1] is produced by the neutralization of benzoic acid with caustic soda and/or soda ash. The resulting solution is then treated to remove trace impurities as weU as color bodies and then dried in steam heated double dmm dryers. The product removed from the dryers is light and fluffy and in order to reduce shipping and storage space the sodium benzoate is normally compacted. It is then milled and classified into various product forms, the names of which often bear Httle relationship to the actual form of the product. 

The water-wet CN can be gelatinized with softeners such as phthalates and dried on dmms or band driers for the manufacture of CN chips (68). These CN chips can be colored with pigments so that colored enamels can be produced without using ball or roUer mills. 

Cobalt pigments are usually produced by mixing salts or oxides and calcining at temperatures of 1100—1300°C. The calcined product is then milled to a fine powder. In ceramics, the final color of the pigment maybe quite different after the clay is fired. The materials used for the production of ceramic pigments are... 

The pulp and paper industry is the largest industrial process water user in the U.S.5 In 2000, a typical pulp and paper mill used between 15,140 and 45,420 L (4000 to 12,000 gal) of water per ton of pulp produced. 1 2 3 4 General water pollution concerns for pulp and paper mills are effluent solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and color. Toxicity concerns historically occurred from the potential presence of chlorinated organic compounds such as dioxins, furans, and others (collectively referred to as adsorbable organic halides, or AOX) in wastewaters after the chlorination/ extraction sequence. With the substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine, discharges of the chlorinated compounds have decreased dramatically. 

Solid-State Reactions of Iron Compounds. Black iron oxides obtained from the Laux process (see below) or other processes may be calcined in rotary kilns with an oxidizing atmosphere under countercurrent flow to produce a wide range of different red colors, depending on the starting material. The pigments are ground to the desired particle size in pendular mills, pin mills, or jet mills, depending on their hardness and intended use. 

Under suitable conditions the Penniman process can also be used to produce reds directly. The residual scrap iron and coarse particles are removed from the pigment, which is then dried [3.35] and ground using disintegrators or jet mills. These pigments have unsurpassed softness. They usually have purer color than the harder red pigments produced by calcination. 

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