Middle range ordering

The fit may not please you, even though SRR will be about an order of magnitude smaller. The fit is especially poor in the middle range of pH values, where the program has little flexibility, since there are no pk -values between 4.7 and 9.8. 

As is expected with this type of hydrated structure, the best x-ray patterns (best ordered sample) are obtained when the relative humidity is in the middle range (40% to 80%). At 98% relative humidity, the amount of water begins to solubilize the chains, thus destroying the crystallinity. At 0% relative... 

Quantum electrod)mamic (QED) effects are known to be very important for inner-shells, for example, in accurate calculations of X-ray spectra [61]. For highly charged few electron atoms they were found to be of similar size as the Breit correction to the electron-electron interaction [62]. Similar effects were also found for valence ns electrons of neutral alkali-metal and coinage metal atoms [63]. They are of the order of 1-2% of the kinetic relativistic effects there. The result for the valence ns electron is a destabilization, while for (n-l)d electron is an indirect stabilization. In the middle range (Z = 30-80) both the valence-shell Breit and the Lamb-shift terms behave similarly to the kinetic... 

Figure 1.4 STM images of macrocyciic terthiophene-butadienes 4.20 (n = 3) at the solution/HOPG interface, iong-range ordering (600 x 600 A) (ieft), submoiecuiarly resolved Individual macrocycle (20 x 20 A) (middle) and calculated minimum conformation from top and side view (right). Courtesy of Elena Mena-Osteritz, University...

Figure 1.5 STM images of submolecularly resolved cycio [12]thiophene 4.26 (40 x 40 A) (left), Ceo fullerene epitaxially adsorbed in a second layer [long-range order, (2x2 fj.m)] (middle) and the structural model of the 1 1 D-A complex (right, top) and charge distribution in the FIOMO. Courtesy of Elena Mena-Osteritz, University of Ulm. Middle image from E. Mena-Osteritz and P. Bauerle, Complexation of Ceo on a cyclothiophene monolayer template, Adv. Mater., 18, 447-451 (2006), Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission...

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