Microwave industrial single mode

Isosorbide and isoidide are by-products of biomass obtained from sugar industry by double dehydration of starch [88]. The reactions were carried out in a single-mode microwave reactor Synthwave 402 (Prolabo) with temperature infrared detector. The reaction mixtures consisting of isosorbide or isoidide (5 mmol),... 

This is the main issue in the industries. Two main approaches have evolved for scaling up microwave reactors. The first approach scales up single-mode reactors through a flow-through reactor, and the second scales up multimode reactors to a batch reactor. 

The CMR and MBRs provided the basis for modern commercial microwave reactors, including robotically operated automated systems that are now widely employed in synthetic research and pilot-scale laboratories in academia and industry [13]. Since 2000, commercial microwave reactors have become available. Batch systems, produced by three major companies in Italy and Germany, Sweden and the United States, typically operate on a scale from 0.5 mL up to 2 L. Other companies based in Austria, Poland and Japan have also recently entered the market. Systems possessing either multimodal or monomodal cavities are produced with one recent addition being a single unit capable of performing in either mode as required. Microwave reactors are employed extensively in chemical discovery where successive reactions can be performed rapidly in parallel or sequentially. One manufacturer recently estimated that about 10000 reactions per week were performed in its systems alone. This indicates the extent to which microwave chemistry in closed vessels has dramatically influenced approaches to synthesis. 

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