Methylglyoxal metabolism

Ghoshal, K., Banerjee, A. B. and Ray, S. (1989) Methylglyoxal-metabolizing enzymes of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 35 21-29. 

Desai, K. M. and Wu, L. (2008). Free radical generation by methylglyoxal in tissues. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact. 23,151-173. 

Distribution. The distribution of foreign compounds may vary between species because of differences in a number of factors such as proportion and distribution of body fat, rates of metabolism and excretion and hence elimination, and the presence of specific uptake systems in organs. For instance, differences in localization of methylglyoxal-bis-guanyl hydrazone (Fig. 5.6) in the liver account for its greater hepa to toxicity in rats than in mice. The hepatic concentration in mice is only 0.3% to 0.5% of the dose after 48 hours, compared with 2% to 8% in the rat. 

Acetone, in the small amounts normally present in the body, is metabolized by hydroxylation to acetol (Eq. 17-7, step a), hydroxylation and dehydration to methylglyoxal (step b), and conversion to D-lactate and pyruvate. A second pathway via 1,2-propanediol and L-lactate is also shown in Eq. 17-7. During fasting the acetone content of human blood may rise to as much as 1.6 mM. As much as two-thirds of this may be converted to glucose.65-69 Accumulation of acetone... 

Fig. 10.1 Cellular formation and metabolism of methylglyoxal (MG). AGEs advanced glycoxida-tion endproducts DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate G3P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate F-6P fructose 6-phosphate F-1,6P2 fmctose 1,6-bisphosphate Gly-I II glyoxalase I II SSAO semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase AMO amine oxidase.

Kobel, M. and M. Scheuer Der Kohlehydratmetabolismus in grtinen Tabakblattern. Nachweis von Methylglyoxal als ein Zwischenprodukt des Metabolismus griiner Blatter [The carbohydrate metabolism of the tobacco leaf. Demonstration of methylglyoxal as an intermediate product in the metabolism of green leaves] Biochem. Z. 216 (1929) 216-223. 

Kdhovd, B. K., I. Giardino, P. A. Toijesen et al. Increased serum levels of the specific AGE-compound methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 52( 21. 2003 163-7. 

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