Metallomics

In 2001, Williams used the term metallome to refer to an element s distribution, equilibrium concentrations of free metal ions or as the free element content in a cellular compartment, cell, or organism.He mentioned that 

In the 2002 international symposium on bio-trace elements held in Japan, Haraguchi proposed the concept and term of metallomics as a new scientific field to integrate the research fields related to biometals. The concept was further elucidated in his successive publication, in which metallomics was defined as bio-trace element science, and metalloproteins, metalloenzymes and other metal-containing biomolecules were defined as metallomes in a similar manner to genomes in genomics as well as proteomes in proteomics. Subsequently, the term metallomics has been used as the name for the study of metallomes. Szpunar defined metallomics as ... comprehensive analysis of the entirety of metal and metalloid species within a cell or tissue type .  

Metallomics is the study of metallomes, interactions and functional connections of metal ions and their species with genes, proteins, metabolites, and other biomolecules within organisms and ecosystems, where a metallome is the entirety of metal and metalloid species present in a cell, cell compartment, tissue or organism, defined according to their identity, quantity, and localization.  

A correlation of the element concentration blueprint or element specia-tion with the genome. This correlation may be statistical (an enrichment of an element coincides with the presence of a particular gene), structural (sequence of a metalloprotein is traceable to a gene) or functional (the presence of a bioligand is the result of a gene-encoded mechanism). 

A systematic, comprehensive or global approach. An identification of a metal species, however important, without specifying its significance and contribution to the system is not metallomics. 

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Fig. 4.3. An approximate profile of the free element content of the cytoplasm of all organisms -the free metallome. Downward arrows show outward pumps. Note how closely the sequence follows the inverse of the Irving-Wilhams binding constant sequence (see Appendix 4A).

A controlled concentration of free metal ions, the metallome. Note especially free... 

Most of the approximately 20 elements required at the earliest times are those which are still employed today though there are important changes of use and a few new additions. The small molecule non-metal content is discussed under the heading of the metabolome and that of metals under metallome. The metal ions are overwhelmingly combined with organic molecules but some are more or less rejected. 

Fig. 5.3. The proposed free metallome profiles of a primitive organism after the synthesis of ring chelates (8), free metallome , combined or total metallome. Arrows (up) indicate the elevation due to the chelates and arrows (down) indicate pumping out.

Additional Distributions of Elements in Unicellular Eukaryote Compartments the Eukaryote Metallome and the Advantages of Compartmentalised... 

Before we describe the chemistry of the compartments involved, note that like prokaryotes, a number of oxidative enzymes are found in the cytoplasm but they do not release damaging chemicals (see Section 6.10). We also observed that such kinds of kinetic compartments are not enclosed by physical limitations such as membranes. We have also mentioned that increased size itself makes for kinetic compartments if diffusion is restricted. In this section, we see many additional advantages of eukaryotes from those given in Section 7.4. How deceptive it can be to use just the DNA, the all-embracing proteome, metabolome or metallome in discussing evolution without the recognition of the thermodynamic importance of compartments and their concentrations These data could be useful both here and in simpler studies of single-compartment bacteria even in the analysis of species but not much information is available. 

Fig. 7.7. The proposed free metallome profile of the cytoplasm of the aerobic cell (8) and of the combined metallome of the organism . P represents pump. Compare Figs. 5.3 and 4.2.

Protein spots in 2D ICP-SFMS (Element) Ablascope/ 213 nm (cooled 67Zn/64Zn 5 metallomics (tracer Becker et al.49... 

Due to the lack of suitable standard reference material for quantification purposes in phospho-proteomics and metallomics, reliable calibration strategies were developed for the direct microlocal analysis of phosphorus and metals in protein spots and in thin sections of brain tissue using LA-ICP-MS.16,17,116 For quantification of analytical data, the application of a solution based calibration strategy was proposed with LA-ICP-MS6 and the simultaneous determination of P, S, Si, Al, Cu and Zn concentrations in human brain proteins (Alzheimer s disease) or for imaging thin... 

Professor Joseph A. Caruso 2007 Rieveschl Distinguished Research Awardee Director, Metallomics Center Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati... 

It might be thought that element names stand unambiguously for the elements themselves, mapping onto an InChl of the sort InChI=l/Au. However, in analytical chemistry and metallomics, the phrase determination of copper tells us little about the chemical environment of the copper atoms, whether they are bonded, and so forth. ChEBI does distinguish between copper (our class 7) and elemental copper (our class 6), but this is poorly documented. 

Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico and University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Cincinnati, OH, USA... 

Todd, R.C., Lippard, S.J. Inhibition of transcription by platinum antitumor compounds. Metallomics 1, 280-291 (2009)... 

Esteban-Femandez, D., Moreno-Gordaliza, E., Canas, B., Palacios, M.A., Gomez-Gomez, M. M. Analytical methodologies for metallomics studies of antitumor Pt-containing drugs. Metallomics 2, 19-38 (2010)... 

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