Metallographic microscope

Polarized light microscopy studies were done on a Leitz Ortholux metallographic microscope. All observations were by transmitted 3200°K unfiltered light. Scanning electron microscopy studies were done on a Cambridge Stereoscan microscope. 

Figure 3 Principle of a foam film microinterferometry cell. Single, thin liquid films are formed above a bubble attached to an air-water surface in a tightly closed cell placed in the field of a metallographic microscope (x 200). and illuminated by reflected heat-filtered monochromatic light. The microscope can be focused either on the film or on the bubble diameter. The interferometry patterns change with the film local thickness. In Figures 4 -6, the bubble diameter is 1.21 mm and the film diameter is 0.42 mm...

The principle of the method, shown in Figure 3, is the following the sample is placed at the bottom of the cell made of optical glass which is filled with a protein solution of a given concentration. An air bubble is formed in the solution by means of a capillary tube. The pressure of the air bubble is maintained constant using a mercury pump adjusted with a manometer. The distance, h, between the capillary tube and the sample may be adjusted so as to obtain a thin film of the solution between the air and the sample. The film thickness, h, varies between 20-150 nm, while its diameter is about 300 m. The cell is fixed on the table of a metallographic microscope and the kinetics of the failure or of the formation of the liquid film is observed directly or photographed by means of a movie camera. 

Visible-light microscopy is usually available in every laboratory. While a conventional VLM may cost only 2000, the best metallographic microscopes can cost > 100k. There are numerous imaging methods used in VLM so we list only a few here ... 

Microscopic observation of polymer surface changes was performed at a magnification of 1 400 with a metallographic microscope equipped with polarizers. 

The surfaces of Mater Bi YlOlU samples were observed under metallographic microscope (Fig 2). 

The primary samples of Mater Bi ZlOlU/C, observed under metallographic microscope, were slightly birefringent with co-continous structure (Fig 3). 

Figure 3 Epi-illumination scheme for using a metallographic microscope with beam splitter to build a Raman microprobe. (From Ref. 61.)...

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