Metal/vacuum interface representation

Figure 5.7. Schematic representation of the definitions of work function O, chemical potential of electrons i, electrochemical potential of electrons or Fermi level p = EF, surface potential %, Galvani (or inner) potential

Figure 22. Representation of (a) the metal-vacuum interface and (b) metal-electrolyte interface in the case of adsorption of a positively charge species.

Schematic representation of metal/vacuum interface showing various relevant energies.

Figure 14. Schematic representation of energetics at metal-vacuum interface when electric field is applied.

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