Metal premixed hydrocarbon

Effect of Metal Additives on the Amount of Soot Emitted by Premixed Hydrocarbon Flames... 

To this aim, the three configurations of residenhal heating devices whose combustion test results are presented in previous figures have been analyzed with respect to particle emissions two combustion heads equipped with premixed burners differentiated by metallic mat and perforated cylindrical heads and one equipped with a blue diffusive flame consisting in a five-tube injector where blue flames of gaseous hydrocarbons can be stabilized. The three flames have been characterized by in-situ optical diagnostics for the identification of the flame structures and the formation of particulate matter, whereas particle emission has been determined by scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and spectroscopic characterization of sampled material. 

Oily additives are used in various technologies (e.g., paper and pulp production, ore flotation, fermentation) and commercial products (detergents, paints, some pharmaceuticals) to avoid the formation of an excessive foam, which would impede the technological process or the product application [1-3]. In other cases (oil recovery and refinement, shampoos, emulsions for metal processing machines) oil drops are present, without being specially introduced for foam control, and can also affect the foamability of the solutions. Small fractions of hydrophobic solid particles of micrometer size, such as hydrophobized silica or alumina, plastic grains, or stearates of multivalent cations, are often premixed with the oil because the solid-oil compounds obtained exhibit a much stronger foam destruction effect than the individual components taken separately [4-8]. Such oily additives are termed antifoams in the literature and can be based on hydrocarbons, poly-dimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs, silicone oil) or their derivatives [1,4]. 

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