Mesoscale effects

Figure 36. Defect concentration and conductance effects for three different thicknesses Li L2 Lj. The mesoscale effect on defect concentration (l.h.s.) discussed in the text, when L < 4J, is also mirrored in the dependence of the conductance on thickness (r.h.s.). If the boundary layers overlap , the interfacial effect previously hidden in the intercept is now resolved. It is presupposed that surface concentration and Debye length do not depend on L. (Both can be violated, c , at sufficiently small L because of interaction effects and exhaustibility of bulk concentrations.)36 94 (Reprinted from J. Maier, Defect chemistry and ion transport in nanostructured materials. Part II. Aspects of nanoionics. Solid State Ionics, 157, 327-334. Copyright 2003 with permission from Elsevier.)...

Mingquan Shao, Youwei Li, Jianfeng Chen, and Yi Zhang, Mesoscale Effects on Product Distribution of Fischoh-Tropsch Synthesis... 

Coke Formation at Mesoscale Effect of Topological Structure of Zeolites 305... 

Mesoscale Effects on Product Distribution of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis... 

The mesoscale effects on the product distribution of FTS should include two points as follow (1) the modified ASF product distribution and olefin readsorption mechanism model and (2) diffusion-reaction model and external-internal diffusion model of FTS process. 

Fig. 5.82 Thermod3mainic potentials of thin films (perpendicular to the film plane) of thickness L for L > 4A (l.h.s.) and L < 4A (r.h.s.). Structural invariance is presupposed (co = const). In the left hand example bulk behaviour is established in the interior. This is not the case in the right example there the sample is charged throughout and a mesoscale effect realized.

Commercially produced elastic materials have a number of additives. Fillers, such as carbon black, increase tensile strength and elasticity by forming weak cross links between chains. This also makes a material stilfer and increases toughness. Plasticizers may be added to soften the material. Determining the effect of additives is generally done experimentally, although mesoscale methods have the potential to simulate this. 

Wallace [15], [16] gives details on effects of nonlinear material behavior and compression-induced anisotropy in initially isotropic materials for weak shocks, and Johnson et ai. [17] give results for infinitesimal compression of initially anisotropic single crystals, but the forms of the equations are the same as for (7.10)-(7.11). From these results it is easy to see where the micromechanical effects of rate-dependent plastic flow are included in the analysis the micromechanics (through the mesoscale variables and n) is contained in the term y, as given by (7.1). 

In studies of reactions in nanomaterials, biochemical reactions within the cell, and other systems with small length scales, it is necessary to deal with reactive dynamics on a mesoscale level that incorporates the effects of molecular fluctuations. In such systems mean field kinetic approaches may lose their validity. In this section we show how hybrid MPC-MD schemes can be generalized to treat chemical reactions. 

Several new developments that enhance efforts to minimize drift are described. Models that predict near field effects of aircraft and mesoscale winds are available. The need for additional efforts to describe flow within canopy and description of conditions for inertial deposition on target elements is outlined. 

Ragland, K.W., Wilkening, K.E. Relationship between Mesoscale Acid Precipitation and Meteorological Factors. Initial Draft of the Effects of Acid Precipitation and Ecological Systems,... 

A methodology and a new parameter have been developed to quantify the effect of the nanoparticles in reducing the mass loss rate in the mesoscale experiments (i.e., cone) where all other properties have been determined from the microscale experiments. 

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