Members of the Second Generation

Vinflunine (Javlor ) is a member of the second-generation Vinca dimer alkaloids. This 4 -difluoro analogue is more active than vinorelbine in several cancers. It is now in Phase III clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent targeted at a variety of cancers (non-small-cell lung and bladder cancers). However, the role of fluorine substitu-... 

Members of the second-generation cephalosporins include cefaclor, cefamandole, cefonicid, cefuroxime, cefprozil, loracarbef, and ceforanide and... 

Other related dendrimers of the first [279] and second [280] generation based on the 1,3,5-triazine unit and tolane arms were also reported by Lee and Yamamoto. The dendrimers of the first generation bearing two chains exhibit a Colh phase as expected. Surprisingly, the members of the second generation also showed a Colh phase between 130 and 150 up to 170-230 °C, despite of the grafting of only one terminal chain per peripheral arm. 

An addition (1994) to the antipsychotic armory is risperidone (Risperdal). Although still a member of the second generation, it may well be a member of its elite because of its alleged ties to both DA, D2 and serotonin type 2 receptors. Histamine and a receptors may also have connections to this agent. The extent of affinities of the latter three, however, are not known. The 9-hydroxy metabolite of risperidone is equally effective. 

Brodifacoum is a member of the second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides known as superwarfarins (27). This compound and others like it (e.g., bromadiolone and difenacoum) were developed to combat rodent resistance to warfarin (27). 

Note that two identical highest ranking members of the second generation are very close to the solution X = 1.309. The randomly chosen parents for the third generation are... 

In recent years, a wealth of information has accumulated on RCM reactions leading to 5-, 6-, and 7-membered carbocycles and heterocycles, so that it is impossible to refer to all the new, natural product-directed work. Therefore, we will concentrate here on a few selected examples that can illustrate (1) the progress made by the advent of the second-generation ruthenium catalysts C-E, (2) the use of RCM in concert with other innovative methodology, and (3) the use of RCM in total syntheses of newly discovered natural products which, due to an outstanding biological profile, have attracted specific interest by the synthetic community. 

The room-temperature chloroaluminate(lll) ionic liquids are the most important members of the first generation of ionic liquids, developed in the second half of the last century The room-temperature halogenoaluminate(III) ionic liquids are extremely sensitive to moisture and must be handled imder an inert atmosphere. Preparation of the halogcno-aluminate(III) ionic liquids is simple a quaternary ammonium (QUAT) halide, e.g. an imidazolium or pyridinium halide, is directly mixed with AICI3 in the ratio necessary to generate the composition required. Upon mixing, an exothermic reaction occurs and the two solids melt into a liquid. The first report on the formation of a room temperature liquid salt, based on the combination of 1-butylpyridinium with AICI3 in the relative molar proportions 1 2 (X =... 

Members of the first library were synthesized by using 11 cyclen-containing carboxylic acids, 2 cyclen-containing amines, 9 aldehydes, and 5 isocyanides, from which 990 combinations are possible for the condensation reaction. Members of the second library were generated by using 40 carboxylic acids, 2 cyclen-containing amines, and 10 isocyanides. Thus, 800 combinations are available for the condensation reaction. Each condensation reaction of Schemes... 

Amphetamine, methamphetamine and their molecular variants are also known as amphetamines of the first generation, and members of the other four groups as amphetamines of the second generation. 

---