Melting of glaciers

FIGURE 2.4 Melting glaciers illustration. Artwork courtesy of Ms. Vanessa Vaquera of 

98% of the Norwegian glaciers will be disappeared and approximately 34% of the glacier area will be reduced by 2100 (Nesje et al. 2008). 

In Asia, glaciers in the Everest region have lost mass in recent years. Between 1999 and 2004, satellite measurements found that the rate of ice loss is twice as much as from 1977 and 1999. Good agreement was found between satellite measmements and field measurements between 2002 and 2004 (Berthier et al. 2007). 

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Varve or rhythmites chronology is another approach based on the examination of geological materials. In this model, the distribution of the laminated sediments formed in the bottom of the beds of dried-out lakes (as a consequence of the seasonal melting of glaciers and the subsequent deposition of coarse particles supplied by streams, followed by finer materials such as sand, silt, and clay) is analyzed and correlated with climate changes [64],... 

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