Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenhauer

In non-enzymic reactions, hydride transfer between carbon atoms is unusual. Examples are the Cannizzaro reaction [40], and the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenhauer reaction [41], in which a preferred steric course is discernible in some cases [42]. 

For dehydrogenation of valuable alcohols it is often advantageous to use the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenhauer reaction (cf. page 329). The... 

S)-(+)-carvone. The key steps were Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, Oppenhauer oxidation, Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, a stereospecific Grignard addition, and an intramolecular Sn2 reaction. 

Metals other than ruthenium also have the potential to produce diverse DKR methods. But although some rhodium, iridium and aluminium complexes are known to catalyse the racemisation of alcohols, only a few have proved to be compatible with enzymatic reactions. In 1996, Williams and colleagues demonstrated the compatibility of enzymes and rhodium complexes by reporting the first example of racemisation of a secondary alcohol through rhodium-catalysed Oppenhauer oxidation/Meerwein Ponndorf Verley reduction with concomitant acylation of one enantiomer with a lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL) (Scheme 4.45). ... 

---