Plant medicinal

OC-Bisabolol. a-Bisabolol (99) occurs in camomile flowers and has been shown to be the main antiphlogistic and spasmolytic component of the European medicinal plant. The use of bisabolol is recommended mainly for its pharmacodynamic properties in cosmetic preparations for skin protection. 

There are very few examples of naturally occurring pyrazoles. As indicated in the introduction to this chapter, compounds containing the N—N bond are rare in higher plants and the biosynthesis and metabolism of N—N bonds is still unknown. Withasomnine, 4-phenyl-1,5-trimethylenepyrazole (754), was isolated from the roots of Indian medicinal plants, Withania somnifera Dun, and its structure established by physical methods and total synthesis (68TL5707, 82H( 19)1223). 

Nepeta (Lamiaceae) is a genus of perennial or annual herbs found in Asia, Europe and North Africa. About 250 species of Nepeta are reported of which, 67 species are present in Iran. Some species of this genus are important medicinal plants and their extracts have been used for medicinal purposes. Aerial parts of Nepeta sintenisii Bornm. was subjected to hydrodistillation and the chemical composition of isolated essential oil has been analyzed by GC/MS method for first time. Identification of components of the volatile oil was based on retention indices relative to n-alkanes and computer matching with the Wiley275.L library, as well as by comparison of the fragmentation patterns of the mass spectra with those reported in the literature. 

In tile medicinal plant and drug wholesale trade... 

As wilh food plants, so also with medicinal plants, it is not possible to cultivate them vvillioul making use of plant protection products because of the expense, organic cultivation is only possible on a small scale (in a garden) - or one accepts the risk of severe to very severe attacks by pests. 

A compound with the elemental composition C15//22O3 was isolated from the methanol extract of the Chilean medicinal plant Centaurea chilensis (Compositae)What is the structure of the natural product, given the NMR experiments 47 ... 

Bioactive O- and N-heterocycles from Indonesian medicinal plants 96YZ911. 

New natural y- and 8-lactones from medicinal plants of Pakistan 98PAC385. 

Thiophene, 2,2-bithiophene, and 2,2, 5, 2"-terthiophene derivatives from Chinese medicinal plants as oncogene signal transduction inhibitors (proteinki-nase C inhibitors) 99PAC1101. 

Research Institute for Medicinal Plants, Budakaldsz, Hungary... 

Ainei-kraut, n. medicinal plant, medicinal herb, -kugel, /, (Pharm.) bolus, -kunde, -kunst, /. medicine pharmacy, -lehre, /. pharmacology,... 

Keywords Arabinogalactans Bioactivity Medicinal plants Rhamnogalacturonans Pectins Structure-activity relations... 

In traditional medicine, plants have been used to treat various types of illnesses, including wounds, both external and internal. The use of plants can be found as part of traditional medicine on all continents, and plants are still in use even in the Western countries as so-called traditional remedies . Modern science has shown that many of these plants contain polysaccharides... 

Sabu, M.C. Ramadasan, K (2002). Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 81, No.2, (July 2002), pp. 155-160, ISSN 0378-8741. 

Saini, M. Saini, R. Roy, S. Kumar, A. (2008). Comparative pharmacognostical and antimicrobial studies of acacia species (Mimosaceae). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Vol. 2, No.l2, (December 2008), pp. 378-386, ISSN 1996-0875. 

Figure 4.1 Collecting a medicine plant in Samoa. Ethnobotanical work involves working with healers to identify the medicinal uses of plants. Although this work is laborious, traditional medicine healers are frequently excited to share their knowledge.

Figure 4.4 The general protocol for information extraction from an herbal text (A-E) is paired with case examples from our work with the Ambonese Herbal by Rumphius. (A) Text is digitized. (B) Through either manual reading or automated extraction the plant name(s), plant part(s), and symptoms or disorders are identified. (C) These extracted data are then updated (as necessary) to reflect current names of the plants, using the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), and the pharmacological function(s) of the described medicinal plants are extrapolated from the mentioned symptoms and disorders. (D) The current botanical names are queried against a natural products database such as the NAPRALERT database to determine whether the plant has been previously examined. (E) Differential tables are generated that separate the plants examined in the literature from plants that may warrant further examination for bioactivity. (Adapted from Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, with permission.) See color plate.

Because not all of the species in the world are known, it is difficult to determine the exact rate of species extinction. Unfortunately, there are plants with medicinal properties that have gone extinct. The first case of a medicinal plant extinction documented in an herbal text is silphium [37]. 

Gustafson KR, Cardellina JH 2nd, McMahon JB, Gnlakowski RJ, Ishitoya J, Szallasi Z, Lewin NE, Blumberg PM, Weislow OS, Bentler JA et al. A nonpromoting phorbol from the samoan medicinal plant Homalanthus nutans inhibits cell killing by mW-l.J Med Chem 1992 35 1978-86. 

Mizutani, H., Ohbayashi, K., Umetsu, K. and Hiraoka, N. 1993. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of medicinal plants and crude drugs. 11. Analysis of Glehnia littoralis of different geographical origin. Biol. Pharm Bull. 16 611-612. 

LIN J, PUCKREE T, MVELASE T P (2002) Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers. J Ethnopharmacol. 79 53-6. 

LONGANGA OTSHUDI A, VERCRUYSSE A, FORIERS A (2000) Contribution to the ethnohotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies of traditionally used medicinal plants in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in Lomela area. Democratic Repuhhc of Congo (DKC). J Ethnopharmacol. 71 411-23. 

MISRA R (1998) Modem dmg development from traditional medicinal plants using radiohgand receptor-hinding assays. Med Res Rev. 18 383-402. 

OTSHUDI A L, FORIERS A, VERCRUYSSE A, VAN ZEEBROECK A, LAUWERS S (2000) / vittV antimicrobial activity of six medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhoea in Democratic Repnblic of Congo (DRC). Phytomedicine. 7 167-72. 

---