Mechanisms of action pharmacodynamics

In the treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders clinicians have a wide variety of pharmacologic options beyond the antidepressants (Shader and Greenblatt, 1995 Lydiard et ah, 1996 Riddle et ah, 1999). The benzodiazepines (BZs), with their favorable safety profile and quick onset of action, are attractive alternatives for the treatment of acute anxiety. While the clinical effectiveness of buspirone has not been proven in children, buspirone is used alone or in combination with other drugs in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The antihistamines are often used to treat insomnia and may reduce acute mild agitation. Zolpidem (Ambien) is occasionally used for its sedative properties. This chapter reviews the structure, proposed mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamic principles, and pharmacokinetic principles of these drugs. 

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